1Ch 12:1-15 - Commentary

Commentary

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Text -- 1 Chronicles 12:1-15 (NET)

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Context

Warriors Who Joined David at Ziklag

12:1 These were the men who joined David in Ziklag, when he was banished from the presence of Saul son of Kish. (They were among the warriors who assisted him in battle. 12:2 They were armed with bows and could shoot arrows or sling stones right or left-handed. They were fellow tribesmen of Saul from Benjamin.) These were: 12:3 Ahiezer, the leader, and Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; Jeziel and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; Berachah, Jehu the Anathothite, 12:4 Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, one of the thirty warriors and their leader,Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, Jozabad the Gederathite, 12:5 Eluzai, Jerimoth, Bealiah, Shemariah, Shephatiah the Haruphite, 12:6 Elkanah, Isshiah, Azarel, Joezer, and Jashobeam, who were Korahites, 12:7 and Joelah and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham from Gedor. 12:8 Some of the Gadites joined David at the stronghold in the desert. They were warriors who were trained for battle; they carried shields and spears. They were as fierce as lions and could run as quickly as gazelles across the hills. 12:9 Ezer was the leader, Obadiah the second in command, Eliab the third, 12:10 Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, 12:11 Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh, 12:12 Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth, 12:13 Jeremiah the tenth, and Machbannai the eleventh. 12:14 These Gadites were military leaders; the least led a hundred men, the greatest a thousand. 12:15 They crossed the Jordan River in the first month, when it was overflowing its banks, and routed those living in all the valleys to the east and west.

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Names, People and Places, Dictionary Themes and Topics

Names, People and Places:

· Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai; Moses' officer over the tribe of Dan,son of Shemaah of Gibeah; chief of Benjamite defecters to David

· Anathoth a town of Benjamin 10 km NE of Jerusalem, given to the priests,son of Becher, a Benjamite,an Israelite chief who signed the covenant to obey God's law

· Attai son of Jarha the Egyptian slave; grandson of Sheshan of Judah,a commander of Saul's from Gad who defected to David,son of Rehoboam and Maacah; grandson of Absalom and Solomon

· Azarel a man of Benjamin who defected to David at Ziklag,chief of the 11th division of singers under David,son of Jeroham; chief of the tribe of Dan under David,an Israelite (Binnui) who put away his heathen wife,son of Ahzai; a returned exile priest musician

· Azmaveth a town of Benjamin 7 km NNW of Jerusalem

· Bealiah a man of Benjamin who defected to David at Ziklag

· Benjaminite the tribe of Benjamin of Israel

· Beracah a man of Benjamin who defected to David at Ziklag,a valley perhaps between Tekoa and En-Gedi (OS)

· David a son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel,son of Jesse of Judah; king of Israel

· Eliab son of Helon; Moses' officer over the tribe of Zebulun,son of Pallu of Reuben; father of Dathan and Abiram,son of Jesse; brother of David,a Levite worship leader in David's time,a Gadite officer of Saul's who defected to David,son of Nahath/Toah/Tohu of Levi; Samuel's great grandfather

· Eliel son of Toah/Nahath/Tohu of Levi; Samuel's great grandfather,head of a large clan in eastern Manasseh in the time of Jotham,son of Shime-i of Benjamin,son of Shashak of Benjamin,a Mahavite man; one of David's military elite,a Mezobaite man; one of David's military elite,an officer from Gad who defected to David in the wilderness,chief of the Levite clan of Hebron under King David,an officer over the temple store house under King Hezekiah

· Elkanah son of Assir of Kohath son of Levi,a man of Ephraim; father-in-law of Ruth the Moabitess; son of Jeroham,son of Shaul (Joel) of Kohath son of Levi,son of Ahimoth (Mahath) of Kohath son of Levi,son of Jeroham of Kohath son of Levi,a Levite whose descendants returned from exile; the father of Asa,a man of Benjamin who defected to David at Ziklag,a Levite porter for the ark in David's time,lieutenant commander of the palace of King Ahaz

· Eluzai a man of Benjamin who defected to David at Ziklag

· Elzabad a Gadite officer who defected to David in the wilderness,son of Shemaiah; a Levite whose descendants returned from exile

· Ezer son of Seir; the father of Bilhan, Zaavan and Akan,father of Hushah; a descendant of Hur of Judah;,son of Ephraim son of Joseph,chief of the Gadites who joined David in the wilderness,son of Jeshua; ruler of Mizpah; wall rebuilder,a priest who helped celebrate the completion of the wall

· Gadites the tribe of Gad as a whole

· Gederah a lowland town of Judah; home of clan of potters (Shelah Judah)

· Gedor a town in Judah 11 km north of Hebron and 7 km east of Keilah (SMM),a town in Benjamin,son of Jeiel of Benjamin,son of Penuel, a descendant of Hur of Judah,son of Jered son of Mered of Judah,a town taken over by the Simeonites in Hezekiah's time

· Gibeah a town of Judah 8 km north of Jerusalem, 5 km east of Gibeon (SMM)

· Gibeon a town of Benjamin pioneered by Jeiel of Benjamin

· Gibeonite resident(s) of the town of Gibeon

· Haruphite a resident of the town of Haruph

· Ishmaiah a man of Gibeon who joined him at Ziklag

· Ismaiah a man of Gibeon who joined him at Ziklag

· Isshiah son of Izrahiah of Issachar; a clan chief under David,a Korahite man who defected to David at Ziklag,second born son of Uzziel (Kohath Levi),chief of the Rehabiah sub-clan (Amram Kohath Levi) under David

· Jahaziel one of the Benjamites who defected to David at Ziklag,a priest trumpeter who escorted the ark into Jerusalem,third son of Hebron,son of Zechariah (Asaph Levi); a prophet under Jehoshaphat,father of Shecaniah who led the Zattu Clan back from exile

· Jashobeam son of Zabdiel; a Hachmonite (Perez Judah); an elite soldier,one of the Benjamite men who defected to David at Ziklag

· Jehu son of Hanani who prophesied against King Baasha of Israel,son of Nimshi who killed King Joram and took his place as king of Israel,son of Obed of Judah,son of Joshibiah; head of a large influential family of Simeon in King Hezekiah's time,a man of Anathoth; one of the Benjamites who defected to David at Ziklag

· Jeremiah a prophet of Judah in 627 B.C., who wrote the book of Jeremiah,a man of Libnah; father of Hamutal, mother of Jehoahaz, king of Judah,head of an important clan in eastern Manasseh in the time of Jotham,a Benjamite man who defected to David at Ziklag,the fifth of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness,the tenth of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness,a man from Anathoth of Benjamin; son of Hilkiah the priest; a major prophet in the time of the exile,an influential priest who returned from exile with Zerubbabel, who later signed the covenant to obey the law, and who helped dedicate Nehemiah's wall,one of Saul's Gadite officers who defected to David in the wilderness

· Jerimoth son of Bela son of Benjamin,one of the Benjamites who defected to David at Ziklag,son of Mushi son of Merari son of Levi,son of Heman the Levite and worship leader under Heman and King David,son of King David and father-in-law of King Rehoboam,an officer in charge of the temple store house under King Hezekiah

· Jeroham son of Eliab (Eliel) of Kohath son of Levi,head of a clan of Benjamin,a man of Benjamin whose descendants returned from exile,son of Pelaliah of Pashhur; a priest whose descendants returned from exile,a man of Gedor; father of Joelah and Zebadiah who defected to David,a man of Dan in Saul and David's time,father of Azariah, a military commander who helped Jehoiadah put Joash on the throne of Judah

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Table of Contents

Verse Notes / Footnotes NET Notes

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Commentary -- Verse Notes / Footnotes

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:1 Heb “kept from.”

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:2 The words “These were” have been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons, because of the length of the intervening material sinc...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:4 In the Hebrew text (BHS) a verse division occurs at this point, and for the remainder of the chapter the verse numbers of the Hebrew Bible differ by o...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:8 Heb “warriors, men of battle for war, prepared with shield and spear, and [like] the face of a lion were their faces, and like gazelles on the h...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:14 Heb “one for a hundred the small, and the great for a thousand.” Another option is to translate the preposition -לְ (lamed) as...

NET Notes: 1Ch 12:15 Heb “and they chased all the valleys to the east and to the west.”

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